Late Quaternary sea‐level change and evolution of Belfast Lough,Northern Ireland: new offshore evidence and implications for sea‐level reconstruction     

Ruth M. K. Plets  S. Louise Callard  J. Andrew G. Cooper  Joseph T. Kelley  Daniel F. Belknap  Robin J. Edwards  Antony J. Long  Rory J. Quinn  Derek W. T. Jackson 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(4-5):285-298

The interplay of eustatic and isostatic factors causes complex relative sea‐level (RSL) histories, particularly in paraglacial settings. In this context the past record of RSL is important in understanding ice‐sheet history, earth rheology and resulting glacio‐isostatic adjustment. Field data to develop sea‐level reconstructions are often limited to shallow depths and uncertainty exists as to the veracity of modelled sea‐level curves. We use seismic stratigraphy, 39 vibrocores and 26 radiocarbon dates to investigate the deglacial history of Belfast Lough, Northern Ireland, and reconstruct past RSL. A typical sequence of till, glacimarine and Holocene sediments is preserved. Two sea‐level lowstands (both max. ?40 m) are recorded at c. 13.5 and 11.5k cal a bp . Each is followed by a rapid transgression and subsequent periods of RSL stability. The first transgression coincides temporally with a late stage of Meltwater Pulse 1a and the RSL stability occurred between c. 13.0 and c. 12.2k cal a bp (Younger Dryas). The second still/slowstand occurred between c. 10.3 and c. 11.5k cal a bp . Our data provide constraints on the direction and timing of RSL change during deglaciation. Application of the Depth of Closure concept adds an error term to sea‐level reconstructions based on seismic stratigraphic reconstructions.  相似文献   

基于无人机的用海项目施工期悬浮泥沙监测          下载免费PDF全文

孙芹芹  张加晋  罗美雪 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(3):34-38

为实现对用海项目施工期悬浮泥沙扩散的实时跟踪监测,尝试采用无人机携带可见光、多光谱传感器对古雷围填海项目的围堰区进行遥感探测。利用Pix4d软件对无人机携带的可见光及多光谱照片进行处理,结果表明,可见光及多光谱影像对水体中的悬浮泥沙分布均具有一定的识别能力。通过研究分析多光谱影像的光谱特征发现,近红外波段对悬浮泥沙含量的升高较为敏感,运用波段比值公式计算结果显示,围堰内含沙水体经溢流口排入海域后浓度明显降低,并可向南继续扩散约300 m。该方法可克服遥感卫星影像时空分辨率低的特点,为用海项目资源环境影响跟踪监测提供新的技术手段。  相似文献   

吉林延边红太平铜多金属矿床脉型矿化的成矿时代与构造背景     

侯鹤楠  任云生  陆思宇  郝宇杰  杨群 《岩石学报》2020,36(3):820-836

吉林延边红太平铜多金属矿床位于兴蒙造山带东段,区内发育产于晚古生代火山沉积岩系中的层状铜多金属矿体和受岩体及构造控制的脉状铅锌矿体。为了确定脉型铅锌矿化的成矿时代与构造背景,本文对与脉状铅锌矿体相关的英安岩开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及岩石地球化学研究,并对脉状铅锌矿体中金属硫化物开展了Rb-Sr同位素定年。结果表明,英安岩中28个锆石测点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为204.1±2.0Ma(MSWD=0.24),脉状铅锌矿石中4件金属硫化物的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为206.8±9.0Ma(MSWD=2.0),二者在误差范围内基本一致,表明红太平矿床脉型铅锌矿化的成矿时代为晚三叠世末期。英安岩的稀土元素配分模式呈明显的轻稀土元素(LREEs)富集,轻重稀土分馏明显[(La/Yb)N=7.59～8.28],存在弱的Eu异常(δEu=0.65～0.68);微量元素以富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs:Rb、Ba和K)和不相容元素(U、Th),亏损高场强元素(HFSEs:Nb、Ta、P和Ti)为特征,表明原始岩浆应为壳-幔混源;脉状铅锌矿体中4件金属硫化物初始Sr同位素比值(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.705954～0.707101(均值0.706390),表明脉型铅锌矿化与壳-幔混源的岩浆作用密切相关。根据Rb-(Yb+Ta)及La/Yb-Th/Yb图解判别结果,结合区域构造演化分析,认为红太平矿区英安岩及相关的脉型铅锌矿化形成于活动大陆边缘的构造环境,与晚三叠世-早侏罗世(T_3-J_1)古太平洋板块向欧亚板块的俯冲作用密切相关。  相似文献   

四川米易海塔地区混合岩型铀矿流体包裹体特征     

郭锐  陈友良  刘凯鹏  郑玉文  胡漾 《矿物学报》2020,40(2):137-148

混合岩型铀矿是康滇地轴上最有希望取得找矿突破的铀矿类型,海塔地区的铀矿化即是该类型铀矿的典型代表。本文针对区内的长英质脉矿石、富晶质铀矿石英脉矿石和含矿热液石英脉中的石英流体包裹体进行了研究。结果表明,海塔地区混合岩型铀矿的成矿作用可分为2个阶段:早期混合岩化热液成矿阶段为高温、中低盐度流体,流体包裹体均一温度集中在380~540℃,盐度变化范围为16.15%~23.18%NaCl eqv,是区内铀成矿的主要阶段;晚期热液叠加改造成矿阶段为中低温、低盐度流体,流体包裹体均一温度集中在140~220℃,盐度变化范围为5.56%~23.18%NaCleqv,是区内富铀矿的形成阶段。流体包裹体的气相成分测试表明,长英质脉矿石石英包裹体中以CH4、CO2为主,其次为H2O和N2;而富晶质铀矿石英脉及含矿热液石英脉石英包裹体中以H2为主,部分含有CO2、CH4、H2O。氢、氧同位素研究表明,早期混合岩化成矿阶段的成矿流体可能为岩浆水与变质水的混合,而晚期热液叠加改造成矿阶段成矿流体中可能有大气降水的加入。  相似文献   

辽东半岛五龙金矿床航空电磁场特征及找矿意义     

石连成  骆燕  江民忠  王志宏  朱琳  陈伟  韩鹏辉  陈志鹏 《地质学报》2020,94(10):3106-3119

五龙金矿床位于五龙矿集区中部，是矿集区内规模大的石英脉型金矿。为查明矿集区深部构造及指导深部找矿预测，需结合深部地球物理资料综合分析研究。本文基于五龙矿集区航空探测任务，并结合其成矿地质特征，研究了五龙金矿在平面、剖面、空间等维度的航磁、航空TEM、航空大地电磁特征及其找矿意义。研究表明：平面上矿体位于鸡心沟断裂东侧负磁背景场中NE与近SN、NW向弱磁异常带交汇处，中等 强剩余磁异常带的转折端、梯度带，视电阻率低阻区及中低阻梯度带，深部存在团块状视磁化率高值区；剖面上矿体位于“左低右高，上高下低”的视电阻率梯度带上，呈中低阻、低阻特征及强磁场区至弱磁场区的视磁化率梯度带上，呈浅部“上高下低”、深部“下高上低”的中等 弱磁特征；空间上矿体位于鸡心沟断裂东侧的断裂构造低阻带与岩体高阻异常带的梯度带。五龙金矿地质地球物理找矿标志的建立和深部高视磁化率异常区的存在，表明矿区深部1000~2000m空间与五龙金矿体视电阻率、视磁化率特征相似的地段，仍具有较好找矿潜力。  相似文献   

老挝班康姆铜金矿床成矿作用研究及其指示意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢见昆  赵延朋  陈晓锋  康铁锁  莫江平 《矿床地质》2020,39(6):1122-1140

班康姆铜金矿床位于墨江-黎俯火山弧带的中段，成矿条件优越，区内中性侵入杂岩具有岛弧钙碱性火山岩的地球化学特征，属火山岛弧环境。氢、氧同位素特征及黄铁矿流体包裹体的He、Ar同位素特征均指示流体为岩浆流体与大气雨水型地下水的混合流体，晚期经历了开放系统的持续瑞利去气过程。硫同位素组成表明成矿系统的硫源主要为深源地幔硫，推断Au、Cu应来自地幔源区，在俯冲消减的构造背景下，携带大量Cu、Au等成矿金属构成富矿初始岩浆流体。热液成矿作用经历了高温矽卡岩蚀变阶段、中温青磐岩热液蚀变矿化阶段、低中温金矿化阶段和超低温热液碳酸盐化阶段4个阶段，中低温阶段为主要的矿化阶段，而北东-北北东向次级断裂带成为浅部重要的容矿空间。流体包裹体及稀土元素特征指示了矿床深部存在隐伏的岩体，很可能为含矿的斑岩体，这对班康姆矿床乃至成矿带的研究及勘查具有重大的意义。  相似文献   

斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床成矿流体与找矿预测研究:以华南若干典型矿床为例     

倪培  迟哲  潘君屹 《地学前缘》2020,27(2):60-78

斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床是全球铜、钼、金、银的主要来源之一,具有重要经济价值。这两类矿床之间通常存在紧密的时空关系,对其成矿流体性质和演化的解剖不仅有利于探究金属沉淀机制,也有助于揭示两者之间的内在成因联系。本文在综述国内外重要研究前沿基础上,以中国华南富家坞斑岩型铜钼(金)矿、桐村斑岩钼矿,以及邱村和安村浅成低温热液金矿为例,系统总结了斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床流体特征、演化规律和金属沉淀机制、探讨了从斑岩型到浅成低温热液型流体演化的“气相迁移”模型,并以福建紫金山铜金矿床为例,介绍了应用流体填图进行找矿预测的实例。  相似文献   

Digital mapping of coastal boulders – high-resolution data acquisition to infer past and recent transport dynamics     

Fabian Boesl  Max Engel  Rodrigo C. Eco  JaN B. Galang  Lia A. Gonzalo  Francesca Llanes  Eva Quix  Helmut Brückner 《Sedimentology》2020,67(3):1393-1410

Coastal boulder fields provide clues to long-term frequency-magnitude patterns of coastal flooding events and have the potential to play an important role in coastal hazard assessment. Mapping boulders in the field is time and labour-intensive, and work on intertidal reef platforms, as in the present study, is physically challenging. By addressing coastal scientists who are not specialists in remote sensing, this contribution reports on the possibilities and limitations of digital applications in boulder mapping in Eastern Samar, Philippines, where recent supertyphoons Haiyan and Hagupit induced high waves, coastal flooding and boulder transport. It is demonstrated how satellite imagery of sub-metre resolution (from Pléiades and WorldView-3 imagery) enables efficient analysis of transport vectors and distances of larger boulders, reflecting variation in latitudes of both typhoon tracks and approaching angles of typhoon-generated waves. During the investigated events, boulders with a-axes of up to 8 m were clearly identified to have been shifted for up to 32 m, mostly along the seaward margin of the boulder field. It is, however, hard to keep track of smaller boulders, and the length of a-axes and b-axes including their orientation is often impossible to map with sufficient accuracy. Orthophotographs and digital surface models created through the application of an unmanned aerial vehicle and the ‘Structure from Motion’ technique provide ultra-high-resolution data, and have the potential to not only improve the results of satellite image analysis, but also those from field mapping and may significantly reduce overall time in the field. Orthophotographs permit unequivocal mapping of a-axes and b-axes including their orientation, while precise values for c-axes can be derived from the respective digital surface models. Volume of boulders is best inferred from boulder-specific Structure from Motion-based three-dimensional models. Battery power, flight speed and altitude determine the limits of the area covered, while patches shielded by the boulders are difficult to resolve. For some tasks, field mapping remains mandatory and cannot be replaced by currently available remote sensing tools: for example, sampling for rock type, density and age dating, recording of lithological separation of boulders from the underlying geological unit and of geomorphic features on a millimetre to decimetre-scale, or documentation of fine-grained sediment transport in between the boulders in supratidal settings. In terms of future events, the digital products presented here will provide a valuable reference to track boulder transport on a centimetre to decimetre-scale and to better understand the hydrodynamics of extreme-wave events on a fringing reef coastline.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部三叠纪末抬升剥蚀事件及热年代学记录   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王建强  刘池洋  赵红格  张东东  ZATTIN Massimiliano  彭恒 《岩石学报》2020,36(4):1199-1212

三叠纪末期大型鄂尔多斯盆地遭受了中生代成盆以来首次较大规模的抬升剥蚀,显著改造了中晚三叠世延长期盆地面貌,并控制了侏罗纪早期沉积格局和油藏分布,对盆地演化及矿产资源分布产生了重要影响。本文利用地质及大量钻井资料揭示了该期构造事件对盆地的剥蚀改造特征,盆地及周邻地区磷灰石裂变径迹年代学记录并约束了此次构造抬升的时限与过程;综合周邻区域构造研究成果,探讨了其发育的动力学背景。结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地三叠纪末期的剥蚀具西南强、东北弱的特点,西南部大范围内延长组地层残缺不全,剥蚀量最大可达1000余米;前侏罗纪沉积古地貌总体呈西南高、北东低的特点;其抬升时间始于205～190Ma,西南部稍早于盆地腹部,抬升速率大于1℃/Myr,可持续至中侏罗世(约160Ma)。该期抬升剥蚀事件范围可涉及至盆地西南缘更广阔的区域,与同期秦岭造山带内出现的快速抬升冷却事件具有较好的时空耦合关系,是对秦岭造山带区域构造环境转变的响应和纪录。该研究丰富和发展了三叠纪末期构造事件在华北克拉通的影响,对该区油气、煤炭资源的进一步勘探和评价提供了新的思路,具有一定的现实意义。  相似文献   

非连续变形分析中块体大转动问题研究     

巩师林  凌道盛  胡成宝  钮家军 《岩土力学》2020,41(11):3810-3822

原有非连续变形分析（DDA）采用一阶近似后的位移增量表达式更新块体构形，推导相关子矩阵，且对不同时步计算出的应变增量直接叠加，当模拟的块体发生大转动时往往会产生较大误差。为考虑块体转动与变形的耦合作用，引入先变形、后转动的块体位移增量表达式。重新推导了惯性力子矩阵，将块体转动时的离心力与科氏力加到荷载矩阵中。计算时对应变分量及其相关变量进行坐标变换与修正，并采用新引入的位移增量表达式计算块体顶点位移，进行后接触修正与更新块体构形。数值算例表明，改进后的程序能够消除转动带来的误差，自动考虑了块体转动时离心力和科氏力引起的变形，应变计算精度更高。改进方法克服了块体体积自由膨胀、应变场畸变等问题，给出了合理的块体应变。  相似文献